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Used for validation: UARS/HALOE, CRISTA and ENVISAT/MIPAS satellite data.
Cooperation with MPI for Meteorology, Hamburg, NASA Langley Research Center,
Hampton, VA (GSFC Group Award to UARS Team, 2006),
University of Wuppertal, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, IMK/FZ Karlsruhe, Free University of Berlin and others.
Most important publications:
Brühl, C., W. Zdunkowski, 1983: ...solar radiation... Arch. Bioclim. Met. B.
Crutzen, P.J., I.E. Galbally, C. Brühl, 1984: Atmospheric effects from post-nuclear fires. Climatic Change 6, 323-364.
Kiehl,JT, C Brühl, T Yamanouchi, 1985: A parameterization for the absorption due to the near infrared bands of CO2. Tellus 37B, 189-196.
Brühl, C., P.J. Crutzen, 1988: Scenarios of possible changes in atmospheric temperatures and ozone concentrations due to man's activities, estimated with a one-dimensional coupled photochemical climate model. Climate dynamics, 2, 173-203.
Crutzen, PJ, C. Brühl, U. Schmailzl, F. Arnold, 1988: Nitric acid haze formation in the lower stratosphere: a major contributing factor to the development of the Antarctic "ozone hole". In: Aerosols and Climate (Eds. P.V. Hobbs and M.P. McCormick), DEEPAK
Brühl, C., P.J. Crutzen, 1989: On the disproportionate role of tropospheric ozone as a filter against solar UV-B radiation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 16, 703-706.
Brühl, C., P.J. Crutzen, 1990: Ozone and climate changes in the light of the Montreal Protocol: a model study. Ambio, 19, 293-301.
Peter, T, C. Brühl, PJ Crutzen, 1991: Increase in the PSC-formation probability caused by high-flying aircraft. Geophys.Res.Lett 18, 1465-1468.
Crutzen, PJ, R Müller, C Brühl, T Peter, 1992: On the potential importance of the gas phase reaction CH3O2+ClO > ClOO+CH3O and the heterogeneous reaction HOCl+HCl>H2O+Cl in ozone hole chemistry. Geophys.Res.Lett. 19, 1113-1116.
Brühl, C., 1993: Einfluss von Vulkanen auf das atmosphärische Ozon. UWSF-Z.Umweltchem. Ökotox. 5, 102-111.
Brühl, C., 1993: The impact of the future scenarios for methane and other chemically active gases on the GWP of methane. Chemosphere, 26, 731-738.
Lelieveld, J.,PJ Crutzen, C Brühl, 1993: Climate effects of atmospheric methane. Chemosphere 26, 739-768.
Pinto, J.P., C. Brühl, A.M. Thompson, 1993: The current and future environmental role of atmospheric methane: model studies and uncertainties. In: Atmospheric Methane: Sources, Sinks, and Role in Global Change. (Ed. M.A.K. Khalil), Springer, Berlin.
Crutzen, P.J., C. Brühl, 1993: A model study of atmospheric temperatures and the concentrations of ozone, hydroxyl, and some other photochemically active gases during the glacial, the preindustrial holocene and the present. Geoph. Res. Lett., 20, 1047-1050.
P.J. Crutzen, J. Lelieveld, C. Brühl, 1994: Oxidation processes in the atmosphere and the role of human activities: observations and model results. In: Environmental Oxidants. (Ed. J.O. Nriagu, M.S. Simmons), Wiley, New Yo rk (Series: Advances in environmental science and technology, 28).
Roehl, C.M., D. Boglu, C. Brühl, G.K. Moortgat, 1995: Infrared band intensities and global warming potentials of CF4, C2F6, C3F8, C4F10, C5F12, and C6F14. Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 815-818.
Crutzen, P.J., J.-U. Grooss, C. Brühl, R. Müller, J.M. Russell III, 1995: A reevaluation of the ozone budget with HALOE UARS data: no evidence for the ozone deficit. Science, 268, 705-708.
Crutzen, P.J., C. Brühl, 1996: Mass extinctions and supernova explosions. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA, 93, 1582-1584.
Brühl, C., S.R. Drayson, J.M. Russell II, P.J. Crutzen, J.M. McInerney, P.N. Purcell, H. Claude, H. Gernandt, T.J. McGee, I.S. McDermid, M.R. Gunson, 1996: Halogen Occultation Experiment ozone channel validation. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 10217-10240.
Müller, R., P.J. Crutzen, J.U. Grooss, C. Brühl, J.M. Russell II, A.F. Tuck, 1996: Chlorine activation and ozone depletion in the Arctic vortex: observations by the Halogen Occultation Experiment on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. J. Geophys.Res. 101, 12531-12554.
Bergamaschi, P., C. Brühl, C.A.M. Brenninkmeiijer, G. Saueressig, J.N. Crowley, J.U. Grooss, H. Fischer, P.J. Crutzen, 1996: Implications of the large carbon kinetic isotope effect in the reaction CH4+Cl for the 13C/12C ratio of stratospheric CH4. Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 2227-2230.
Müller, R., P.J. Crutzen, J.U. Grooss, C. Brühl, J.M. Russell III H. Gernandt, D.S. McKenna and A. Tuck, 1997: Severe chemical ozone loss in the Arctic during the winter of 1995-96. Nature 389, 709-712.
Müller, R., J.U. Grooss, D.S. McKenna, P.J. Crutzen, C. Brühl, J.M. Russell III and A. Tuck, 1997: HALOE observations of the vertical structure of chemical ozone depletion in the Arctic vortex during winter and early spring 1996-1997. Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 2717-2720.
Brühl, C., P.J. Crutzen, and J.U. Grooss, 1998: High-latitude, summertime NOx activation and seasonal ozone decline in the lower stratosphere: Model calculations based on observations by HALOE on UARS. J.Geophys.Res. 103, 3587-3597.
Brühl, C., K. Carslaw, T. Peter, J.U. Grooss, J.M. Russell III, R. Müller, 1998: Chlorine activation and ozone depletion in the Arctic vortex of the four recent winters using a trajectory box model and HALOE satellite observations. In: Atmospheric Ozone, Proceedings of the XVIII Quadr. Ozone Symp. 1996 (Eds. R. Bojkov and G. Visconti), L'Aquila, 675-678.
Grooss, J.U., C. Brühl and Th. Peter, 1998: Impact of Aircraft Emissions on Tropospheric and Stratospheric Ozone Part I: Chemistry and 2-D Model Results. Atm. Environ. 32, 3173-3184.
Dameris, M., V. Grewe, I. Köhler, R. Sausen, C. Brühl, J.U. Grooss, and B. Steil, 1998: Impact of Aircraft NOx-Emissions on Tropospheric and Stratospheric Ozone Part II: 3-D model results. Atm. Environ. 32, 3185-3199.
Dameris, M., V. Grewe, R. Hein, C. Schnadt, C. Brühl and B. Steil, 1998: Assessment of the future development of the ozone layer. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 3579-3582.
Steil, B., M. Dameris, C. Brühl, P.J. Crutzen, V. Grewe, M. Ponater, and R. Sausen, 1998: Development of a chemistry module for GCMs: first results of a multi-annual integration. Ann. Geophys. 16, 205-228.
Brühl, C. and P.J. Crutzen, 1999: Reductions in the anthropogenic emissions of CO and their effect on CH4. Chemosphere: Global Change Science 1, 249-254.
Müller, R., J.U. Grooss, D.S. McKenna, P.J. Crutzen, C. Brühl, J.M. Russell III L.L. Gordley, J.P. Burrows, and A. Tuck, 1999: Chemical ozone loss in the Arctic vortex in the winter 1995-96: HALOE measurements in conjunction with other observations. Ann. Geophys. 17, 101-114.
Brühl, C. and P.J. Crutzen, 2000: NOx-catalyzed ozone destruction and NOx activation at midlatitudes to high latitudes as a main cause of the spring to fall ozone decline in the Northern Hemisphere. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 12163-12168.
Patra P.K., S. Lal, V. Sheel, B.H. Subbarya, C. Brühl, R. Borchers, P. Fabian, 2000: Chlorine partitioning in the stratosphere based on in situ measurements. Tellus 52B, 934-946.
Brühl, C., U. Pöschl, P.J. Crutzen, and B. Steil, 2000: Acetone and PAN in the upper troposphere: impact on ozone production from aircraft. Atm. Environ., 34, 3931-3938.
Steil, B., C. Brühl, P.J. Crutzen, and E. Manzini, 2000: A MA-GCM with interactive chemistry (MAECHAM4-CHEM), simulations for present, past and future. Proceedings Quadrennial Ozone Symposium, Sapporo 2000, NASDA, 221-222.
Hein, R., M. Dameris, C. Schnadt, C. Land, V. Grewe, I. Köhler, M. Ponater, R. Sausen, B. Steil, J. Landgraf, C. Brühl, 2001: Results of an interactively coupled atmospheric chemistry-general circulation model: Comparison with observations, Ann. Geophys. 19, 435-457.
Brühl, C., B. Steil, and E. Manzini, 2001: Feedback processes between chemistry and meteorology with focus on lower stratospheric polar vortices, simulations with a coupled GCM. In: Proceedings SPARC Assembly, November 2000, Mar del Plata. Available as CD-ROM, SPARC Office, Verrieres le Buisson.
Crutzen, P.J., and C. Brühl, 2001: Catalysis by NOx as the main cause of the spring to fall stratospheric ozone decline in the Northern Hemisphere. J. Phys. Chem. 105-A, 1579-1582.
Saueressig, G., J.N. Crowley, P. Bergamaschi, C. Brühl, C.A.M. Brenninkmeijer and H. Fischer, 2002: 13C and D kinetic isotope effects in the reactions of CH4 with O1D and OH: New laboratory measurements and their implications for the isotopic composition of stratospheric methane, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 23127.
Junkermann, W., C. Brühl, D. Perner, E. Eckstein, T. Trautmann, B. Früh, R. Dlugi, T. Gori, A.Ruggaber, J. Reuder, M. Zelger, A. Hofzumahaus, A. Kraus, F. Rohrer, D. Brüning, G. Moortgat, A. Horowitz, J. Tadic, 2002: Actinic radiation and photolytis processes in the lower troposphere: effects of clouds and aerosols. J. Atmosph. Chem. 42, 413-441.
E. Eckstein, D. Perner, Ch. Brühl, and T. Trautmann, 2003: A new actinic flux 4pi-spectroradiometer: Instrument design and application to clear sky and broken cloud conditions Atmos. Chem. Phys. , 3, 1965-1979.
J. Austin, D. Shindell, S. R. Beagley, C.Brühl, M. Dameris, E. Manzini, T. Nagashima, P. Newman, S. Pawson, G. Pitari, E. Rozanov, C. Schnadt, and T. G. Shepherd, 2003: Uncertainties and assessments of chemistry-climate models of the stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1-27.
B. Steil, C. Brühl, E. Manzini, P.J. Crutzen, J. Lelieveld, P.J Rasch, E. Roeckner, K. Krüger, 2003: A new interactive chemistry climate model. I: Present day climatology and interannual variability of the middle atmosphere using the model and 9 years of HALOE/UARS data. J. Geophys. Res., 108, D9, 4290, doi:10.1029/2002JD002971.
K. Tourpali, C. J. E. Schuurmans, R. van Dorland, B. Steil and C. Brühl, 2003: Stratospheric and tropospheric response to enhanced solar UV-radiation: a model study. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, No. 5, 1231, doi:10.1029/2002GL016650.
E. Manzini, B. Steil, C. Brühl, M. A. Giorgetta and K. Krüger, 2003: A new interactive chemistry-climate model. II. Sensitivity of the middle atmosphere to ozone depletion and increase in greenhouse gases: Implications for recent stratospheric cooling. J. Geophys. Res., 108, D14, 4429, doi:10.1029/2002JD002977.
R. Kormann, H. Fischer, M. de Reus, M. Lawrence, Ch. Brühl, R. von Kuhlmann, R. Holzinger, J . Williams, J. Lelieveld, C. Warneke, J. de Gouw, J. Heland, H. Ziereis, and H. Schlager, 2003: Formaldehyde over the eastern Mediterranean during MINOS: Comparison of airborne in-situ measurements with 3D-model results. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 851-861.
M. K. van Aalst, M. M. P. van den Broek, A. Bregman, C. Brühl, B. Steil, G. C. Toon, S. Garcelon, G. M. Hansford, R. L. Jones, T. D. Gardiner, G. J. Roelofs, J. Lelieveld, and P. J. Crutzen, 2004: Trace gas transport in the 1999/2000 Arctic winter: comparison of nudged GCM runs with observations. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 81-93.
D. Lamago, M. Dameris, C. Schnadt, V. Eyring, and C. Brühl, 2003: Impact of high solar zenith angles on dynamical and chemical processes in a coupled chemistry-climate model . Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1981-1900.
C. Brühl, B. Steil, 2003: Interannual variability of Arctic ozone depletion for the present situation and in about 30 years from now, simulations with the GCM MA-ECHAM with interactive chemistry. In: Stratospheric ozone 2002, Air pollution research report 79, European Commission, Brussels, 75-78.
Scheeren, H. A., H. Fischer, J. Lelieveld, P. Hoor, J. Rudolph, F. Arnold, B. Bregman, C. Brühl, A. Engel, C. van der Veen, D. Brunner, 2003: Reactive organic species in the northern extratropical lowermost stratosphere: Seasonal variability and implications for OH, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D24), 4805, doi:10.1029/2003JD003650.
B. Steil, C. Brühl, M.Giorgetta, E.Manzini, V.Grewe, F.Mager, 2004: The impact of CFCs, greenhouse gases, solar cycle, QBO, ENSO and major volcanoes on stratospheric ozone; transient simulation with the middle atmosphere coupled chemistry climate model ECHAM for the last 40 years. In: Proceedings of the XX Quadrennial Ozone Symposium, Kos, Greece, Edited by C. Zerefos, University of Athens, p. 832f.
W. Steinbrecht, B. Hassler, P. Winkler, M. Dameris, S. Matthes, C. Schnadt, C. Brühl, B. Steil, 2004: Comparison of observed stratospheric ozone and temperature time series with chemistry-climate model simulations. In: Proceedings of the XX Quadrennial Ozone Symposium, Kos, Greece, Edited by C. Zerefos, University of Athens, p. 793f and 757f.
V. Sheel, S. Lal, Ch. Brühl, 2005: Validation of a 2D model using observed profiles of SF6 with main focus on the tropics. Atmos. Environ. 39, 1255-1261.
van Aalst M.K., J. Lelieveld, B. Steil, C. Brühl, P. Jöckel, M. A. Giorgetta, and G.-J. Roelofs, 2005: Stratospheric temperatures and tracer transport in a nudged 4-year middle atmosphere GCM simulation Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discus., 5, 961-1006.
Tourpali, K.; Schuurmans, C. J. E.; van Dorland, R.; Steil, B.; Brühl, C.; Manzini, E., 2005: Solar cycle modulation of the Arctic Oscillation in a chemistry-climate model Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 32, No. 17, L17803.
Langematz, U., J. L. Grenfell, K. Matthes, P. Mieth, M. Kunze, B. Steil, and C. Brühl, 2005: Chemical effects in 11-year solar cycle simulations with the Freie Universität Berlin Climate Middle Atmosphere Model with online chemistry (FUB-CMAM-CHEM). Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 32, No. 13, L13803.
Dameris, M., V.Grewe, M.Ponater, R.Deckert, V.Eyring, F.Mager, S.Matthes, C. Schnadt, A. Stenke, B. Steil, C. Brühl, M.Giorgetta, 2005: Long-term changes and variability in a transient simulation with a chemistry-climate model employing realistic forcing. Atmos.Chem.Phys.5, 2121-2145.
Steinbrecht, W., B. Haßler, C. Brühl, M. Dameris, M. A. Giorgetta, V. Grewe, E. Manzini, S. Matthes, C. Schnadt, B. Steil, P. Winkler, 2006: Interannual variation patterns of total ozone and temperature in observations and model simulations. Atmos.Chem.Phys. 6, 349-374 (Atmos.Chem.Phys.Disc.,5, 9207, 2005).
Steinbrecht, W., H. Claude, F. Schönenborn, S. McDermid, T. Leblanc, S. Godin, T. Song, D.P.J. Swart, Y.J. Meijer, G.E. Bodeker, B.J. Connor, N. Kämpfer, K. Hocke, Y. Calisesi, N. Schneider, J. de la Noë, A.D. Parrish, I.S. Boyd, C. Brühl, B. Steil, M.A. Giorgetta, E. Manzini, L.W. Thomason, J.M. Zawodny, M.P. McCormick, J.M. Russell III, P.K. Bhartia, R.S. Stolarski, and S.M. Hollandsworth-Frith, 2006: Long-Term Evolution of Upper Stratospheric Ozone at Selected Stations of the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC). J. Geophys. Research, 111, D10308, doi:10.1029/2005JD006454.
Andersen, S.B., E. C. Weatherhead, A. Stevermer, J. Austin, C. Brühl, E. L. Fleming, J. de Grandpre, V. Grewe, I. Isaksen, G. Pitari, R. W. Portmann, B. Rognerud, J. E. Rosenfield, S. Smyshlayev, T. Nagashima, G. J.M. Velders, D. K. Weisenstein and J. Xia, 2006: Comparison of recent modeled and observed trends in total column ozone, J. Geophys. Research, 111, D02303.
Eyring, V., N. Butchart, D. W. Waugh, H. Akiyoshi, J. Austin, S. Bekki, G. E. Bodeker, B. A. Boville, C. Brühl, M. P. Chipperfield, E. Cordero, M. Dameris, M. Deushi, V. E. Fioletov, S. M. Frith, R. R. Garcia, A. Gettelman, M. A. Giorgetta, V. Grewe, L. Jourdain, D. E. Kinnison, E. Mancini, E. Manzini, M. Marchand, D. R. Marsh, T. Nagashima, P. A. Newman, J. E. Nielsen, S. Pawson, G. Pitari, D. A. Plummer, E. Rozanov, M. Schraner, T. G. Shepherd, K. Shibata, R. S. Stolarski, H. Struthers, W. Tian, and M. Yoshiki, 2006: Assessment of temperature, trace species, and ozone in chemistry-climate model simulations of the recent past. J.Geophys.Res., 111, D22308, doi:10.1029/2006JD007327.
P. Jöckel, H. Tost, A. Pozzer, C. Brühl, J. Buchholz, L. Ganzeveld, P. Hoor, A. Kerkweg, M. G. Lawrence, R. Sander, B. Steil, G. Stiller, M. Tanarhte, D. Taraborrelli, J. van Aardenne, and J. Lelieveld, 2006: The atmospheric chemistry general circulation model ECHAM5/MESSy1: consistent simulation of ozone from the surface to the mesosphere. Atmos.Chem.Phys. 6, 5067-5104 (AtmosChemPhysDisc 6, 6957-7050).
T.S. Rhee, C.A.M. Brenninkmeijer, M. Brass and C. Brühl, 2006: Isotopic composition of H2 from CH4 oxidation in the stratosphere and the troposphere. J.Geophys.Res., 111, D23303.
J. Lelieveld, C. Brühl, P. Jöckel, B. Steil, P. J. Crutzen, H. Fischer, M. A. Giorgetta, P. Hoor, M. G. Lawrence, M. Milz, R. Sausen, G. P. Stiller, and H. Tost, 2006: Stratospheric dryness. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 6, 11247-11298 (see also Atm.Chem.Phys., 7, 1313-1332, 2007).
G.P. Stiller, T. von Clarmann, Ch. Brühl, H. Fischer, B. Funke, N. Glatthor, U. Grabowski, M. Höpfner, P. Jöckel, S. Kellmann, M. Kiefer, A. Linden, M. L´opez-Puertas, G. Mengistu Tsidu, M. Milz, T. Steck, and B. Steil, 2007: Global distributions of HO2NO2 as observed by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS). J.Geophys.Res., 112, D09314.
C. Brühl, B. Steil, G. Stiller, B. Funke, and P. Jöckel, 2007: Nitrogen compounds and ozone in the stratosphere: comparison of MIPAS satellite data with the Chemistry Climate Model ECHAM5/MESSy1, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5585-5598. (A.C.P.Discuss., 7, 9899-9924).
Eyring, V., D. W. Waugh, G. E. Bodeker, E. Cordero, H. Akiyoshi, J. Austin, S. R. Beagley, B. Boville, P. Braesicke, C. Brühl, N. Butchart, M. P. Chipperfield, M. Dameris, R. Deckert, M. Deushi, S. M. Frith, R. R. Garcia, A. Gettelman, M. Giorgetta, D. E. Kinnison, E. Mancini, E. Manzini, D. R. Marsh, S. Matthes, T. Nagashima, P. A. Newman, J. E. Nielsen, S. Pawson, G. Pitari, D. A. Plummer, E. Rozanov, M. Schraner, J. F. Scinocca, K. Semeniuk, T. G. Shepherd, K. Shibata, B. Steil, R. Stolarski, W. Tian, and M. Yoshiki, 2007: Multimodel projections of stratospheric ozone in the 21st century, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D16303, doi:10.1029/2006JD008332.
P. Braesicke, C. Brühl, M. Dameris, R. Deckert, V. Eyring, M. A. Giorgetta, E. Mancini, E. Manzini, G. Pitari, J. A. Pyle, and B. Steil, 2008: A model intercomparison analysing the link between ozone and geopotential height anomalies in January. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8, 2519-2535 (A.C.P. Discuss., 7, 15409-15451).
Myriokefalitakis, S., Vrekoussis, M., Tsigaridis, K., Wittrock, F., Richter, A., Brühl, C., Volkamer, R., Burrows, J.P, Kanakidou, M., 2008: The influence of natural and anthropogenic secondary sources on the glyoxal global distribution, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8, 4965-4981 (A.C.P.Discuss, 8, 1673-1708).
T. M. Butler, D. Taraborrelli, C. Brühl, H. Fischer, H. Harder, M. Martinez, J. Williams, M. G. Lawrence, and J. Lelieveld, 2008: Improved simulation of isoprene oxidation chemistry with the ECHAM5/MESSy chemistry-climate model: lessons from the GABRIEL airborne field campaign. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8, 4529-4546.
A. J. G. Baumgaertner, P. Jöckel, and C. Brühl, 2009: Energetic particle precipitation in ECHAM5/MESSy1 Part 1: Downward transport of upper atmospheric NOx produced by low energy electrons. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 9, 2729-2740 (A.C.P.Disc. 8, 21201-21228).
A. Gettelman, T. Birner, V. Eyring, H. Akiyoshi, D. Plummer, M. Dameris, S. Bekki, F. Lefevre, F. Lott, C. Brühl, K. Shibata, E. Rozanov, E. Mancini, G. Pitari, H. Struthers, W. Tian, and D. E. Kinnison, 2009: The Tropical Tropopause Layer 1960-2100. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 9, 1621-1637 (A. C. P. Discuss., 8, 1367-1413).
K. Tourpali, A. F. Bais, A. Kazantzidis, C. S. Zerefos, H. Akiyoshi, J. Austin, C. Brühl, N. Butchart, M. P. Chipperfield, M. Dameris, M. Deushi, V. Eyring, M. A. Giorgetta, D. E. Kinnison, E. Mancini, D. R. Marsh, T. Nagashima, G. Pitari, D. A. Plummer, E. Rozanov, K. Shibata, and W. Tian, 2009: Clear sky UV simulations in the 21st century based on ozone and temperature projections from Chemistry-Climate Models. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 9, 1165-1172. (A. C. P. Discuss., 8, 13043-13062).
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